NARRATIVES OF CHINA’S CONTEMPORARY FOREIGN POLICY AND DIPLOMACY

The modern foreign policy of China, starting from the late 20th century, has been shaped by historical, economic, and cultural factors. One of the key moments was China’s opening to the world in the early 1980s under the leadership of reformer Deng Xiaoping. This period marked the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, which initiated economic growth and attracted foreign investment. Foreign policy became a tool to support this growth.

China has also significantly transformed its system of international relations, emphasizing the importance of a multipolar world. Support for multinational organizations, such as the UN and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, reflects China’s desire to take an active role on the global stage. In recent years, the focus of foreign policy has shifted towards the «One Belt, One Road» initiative, aimed at creating infrastructure and economic ties with other countries, thereby increasing China’s influence in Asia, Europe, and Africa.

It is also important for China to protect its interests in the South China Sea, which creates tension in relations with its neighbors and the U.S. Nevertheless, China seeks to position itself as a responsible global player, advocating for peaceful conflict resolution and participation in global initiatives such as combating climate change.

The modern foreign policy of China is defined by a number of strategic goals that reflect its ambitions as a global power. These need to be outlined in several key directions.

Firstly, China aims to strengthen its role in the global economy through the «One Belt, One Road» initiative, which is focused on creating trade routes and infrastructure connections with other countries. This not only promotes China’s economic growth but also enhances its influence in various regions.

Secondly, Beijing actively works to secure its territorial rights, particularly in the South China Sea, where disputes arise with neighboring states.

Thirdly, as China enhances its global role, it seeks to take leading positions in international organizations and promote its principles of governance and development, which contrast with the Western model.

Fourthly, cultural exchanges, investments, and the education of foreign students in Chinese universities contribute to improving the country’s image and creating a positive perception of China abroad.

Finally, China aspires to create a multipolar world, encouraging many countries to actively seek alternative paths for development and political influence. This contrasts with the unipolar model dominated by the United States.

Moreover, the modern foreign policy of China encompasses a wide range of tasks aimed at strengthening its position as a global power. These tasks can be highlighted in several key directions.

The main task is to continue economic growth through international cooperation and investment. «The One Belt, One Road» initiative represents a strategy aimed at developing infrastructure and creating trade corridors that deepen economic ties with neighboring countries and other regions of the world.

China is actively working to ensure its security and protect national interests, particularly in the contested waters of the South China Sea.

Beijing seeks to strengthen its political positions on the international stage by participating in multilateral negotiations and diplomatic initiatives. Objectives include promoting its development model and providing an alternative to Western approaches, which helps it build relationships with developing countries.

Additionally, an important task is to create a positive image of China abroad through cultural exchanges, education, and media, helping to enhance its image and build trust in the country on the global stage.

In response to global challenges such as climate change, China aims to actively participate in international environmental initiatives, which include commitments to reduce emissions and transition to a green economy. Its main strategy involves creating new trade agreements and partnerships, as well as protecting Chinese economic interests in international markets.

Overall, the tasks of modern Chinese foreign policy are aimed at strengthening its position in the international system, promoting economic development, and protecting national interests. These are oriented towards both short-term and long-term goals, allowing China to successfully interact with other states and play an active role in global processes.

The events of early 2025 brought significant changes to China's contemporary foreign policy activities, which were reflected in subsequent events. A decisive influence came from the press conference of Wang Yi, a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, held on March 7, 2025. This event served as a programmatic statement outlining the main milestones and directions for the implementation of China’s modern foreign policy in the near future.

Wang Yi’s speech represents a comprehensive overview of the achievements of Chinese diplomacy over the past year and plans for the future. The main emphasis is placed on strengthening China’s position as a global leader, contributing to the stabilization of the international situation and promoting its own initiatives.

First and foremost, Wang Yi emphasized that 2024 marked a time of profound changes in the global situation, accompanied by significant successes for China in reform and development, demonstrating China’s confidence in its influence on international processes. He highlighted the attractiveness of the Chinese modernization experience for the international community. This idea reflects China’s desire to strengthen its influence by showcasing successful economic growth and stable development.

Wang Yi announced upcoming major diplomatic events, including the anniversary of Victory in World War II and the SCO summit. This underscores China's desire to position itself as a guardian of peace and justice. This narrative is used to legitimize China’s foreign policy and demonstrate its continuity with historical events. It emphasizes China’s commitment to a multipolar world order and regional cooperation.

Wang Yi’s speech shows that China seeks to play a key role in shaping a new world order based on the principles of multipolarity and mutually beneficial cooperation. The most important tools of this strategy remain the personal authority of Xi Jinping, the Chinese experience of modernization, and active engagement with partners on the periphery of Western powers. His leading role as the chief architect of China’s foreign policy continues to strengthen. This has been manifested in more than 130 diplomatic meetings, adding a new, remarkable chapter to the record of friendship between China and the world. Personal visits and participation in international forums enhance China’s authority and image on the global stage.

Analyzing the lively discussion, we can attempt to identify and analyze the further development of modern Chinese foreign policy. A significant aspect of this policy becomes the promotion of its own vision of modernization, which attracts other countries. This allows China to expand its influence not only economically but also ideologically. In the context of geopolitical rivalry with the West, China is actively developing partnerships with Global South countries, Africa, and Arab states. This strengthens China’s position as an alternative center of influence in the world.

 

• China’s Strategic Perspectives in the Modern World

 

In a world undergoing significant transformations accompanied by growing uncertainty, China sees its mission in strengthening stability and ensuring sustainable development. It affirms its role as a sovereign power, ready to confront external threats and pressure. This demonstrates a firm resolve to maintain internal cohesion and continue the movement towards the "great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

China intends to actively support a multilateral approach to solving global problems, advocating for adherence to international law and the creation of a more just world order. Emphasizing the importance of expanding international cooperation based on the principles of equality and open dialogue, it develops the idea of promoting the Chinese model of interaction with partners from various regions of the world.

China’s strategy includes continued integration into the global economy by creating favorable conditions for trade and investment. This is aimed at ensuring long-term growth and prosperity both domestically and abroad.

Wang Yi's statements demonstrate China’s comprehensive approach to foreign policy in the face of growing global challenges. The main message is that China intends to play an active role in maintaining international order, ensuring a balance between protecting its national interests and contributing to the common good. He appeals to China’s historical mission, emphasizing the uniqueness of its development path and its ability to offer an alternative to the West. This is important for shaping a positive image of China among developing countries.

At the same time, the statement about the impossibility of intimidation or pressure reflects China’s confidence in its ability to withstand external challenges. This can be seen as a response to criticism from the West regarding domestic and foreign policy. The call for expanding global partnership testifies to China’s desire to strengthen its influence through the development of economic and political ties. China presents itself as a reliable partner that promotes development, not competition.

 

• Russia-US Negotiations and Strategic Coordination between China and Russia

 

Amidst global changes, the Chinese leadership consistently emphasizes the importance and resilience of Sino-Russian relations. Wang Yi highlights that the strategic coordination between the two countries is independent of external factors, underscoring the strong historical and cultural foundation of their friendship.

It is mentioned that despite international changes, mutual interests and strategic partnership remain unchanged. This demonstrates the commitment of both countries to strengthening ties regardless of the influence of third parties. The principle of «not entering into an alliance and not targeting a third party» indicates a desire for independent diplomacy, which can be seen as a response to Western pressure. The importance of jointly celebrating the 80th anniversary of victory in World War II emphasizes the shared historical destiny of the two countries and their стремление to maintain peace and justice in international relations.

Sino-Russian relations, according to Wang Yi, are a significant stabilizing factor in the context of growing instability in global politics, and their further development will be observed with great interest by both partners and adversaries.

China and Russia demonstrate that their relationship is based on long-term historical experience and strategic interdependence. Both states strive to create a model of bilateral relations free from external interference, which makes their interaction more sustainable. It is noteworthy that such cooperation may be perceived as a challenge to the established international order, built on Western values.

 

• «America First» and China’s Potential to Reshape the Global Landscape Through International Cooperation

 

Support for multilateralism and respect for legal norms are important elements of China’s strategy. This contrasts with the unilateral actions of some countries, creating a contrast between the Chinese and Western models of managing global processes.

In this regard, Wang Yi criticizes approaches based on the «America First» principle, arguing that such actions lead to a violation of international order and weaken the position of small and weak countries. He strives to emphasize the importance of observing international norms and rejecting hegemonic ambitions.

The Foreign Minister emphasizes China’s commitment to international obligations and the responsibility of great powers to the global community. He characterizes the proposal of Chinese leader Xi Jinping as an alternative to power politics, emphasizing the need for unity and cooperation for the common good. The growing support for the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative and other global projects testifies to their international recognition.

Wang Yi’s statement contains elements of criticism of American policy, while highlighting the differences in the Chinese approach to international relations. The main idea is that China rejects hegemonic ambitions and prefers the path of cooperation and mutual assistance. The speech presents a clear contrast between the Western model, based on selfishness and force, and the Eastern model, oriented towards collective interests and harmony. This underscores China’s aspiration for moral high ground in international affairs. It actively promotes its initiatives, allowing it to increase economic and political influence without direct interference in the affairs of other countries, which distinguishes the Chinese approach from the traditional practice of great powers.

 

• Protecting the Interests of the Global South in Today’s World

 

Wang Yi portrays China as a champion of international law and justice, creating a contrast with the actions of countries that often accuse it of violating international norms. He emphasizes concern for the fate of all humanity, implying China’s readiness to assume global responsibilities aimed at improving the lives of people around the world.

Furthermore, he refers to ancient Chinese texts and cultural traditions to substantiate the idea of a «community with a shared future». This creates an image of China as an heir to ancient wisdom, offering solutions to modern problems. He demonstrates the strategic thinking of Chinese diplomacy, which combines philosophical and practical aspects. By criticizing the politics of force and hegemony, China offers an alternative model of international relations based on cooperation and harmony.

At the same time, he emphasizes the growing role of developing countries in the global economy and politics. The Global South accounts for a significant portion of global GDP and provides most of the world's growth. China calls on the countries of the Global South to strengthen and unite to protect their common interests. A striking example is the expansion of BRICS, which symbolizes the strengthening of the southern bloc.

Wang Yi emphasizes the need to speak with the world «in one voice» to increase the representation and influence of the Global South in global governance. He stresses that development should remain a priority on the international agenda and proposes concrete steps to support global development.

Wang Yi’s speech reflects China’s desire to position itself as a leader and defender of the interests of the Global South. China naturally belongs to the Global South due to its shared struggle against colonialism. It will continue to work with these countries to achieve common progress. The minister highlights several key areas of action:

First, the call for unity and interaction among the countries of the Global South emphasizes the importance of joint efforts to address global challenges.

Second, the focus on development as a central element of the international agenda demonstrates China’s desire to promote economic prosperity and sustainability, which aligns with its interests in expanding its influence.

Third, the emphasis on the joint struggle against colonialism and hegemony strengthens the sense of common interests and goals between China and other countries of the Global South.

Finally, citing examples of participation in various international organizations and initiatives, such as BRICS and the G20, illustrates China’s activity in promoting the ideas and values of the Global South at different levels.

Wang Yi clearly articulates China’s strategic line regarding the Global South: unity, development, and the protection of common interests. This reflects China’s стремление to strengthen its position on the international stage, presenting itself as a leading force contributing to the progress and sustainability of the developing world.

 

• China’s Potential Role in the Process of Ending the War in Ukraine

 

China’s Foreign Minister emphasizes the importance of a political settlement through negotiations, consistent with China’s long-standing position on the need for peaceful resolution of conflicts. This demonstrates Beijing’s active foreign policy, striving to assume the role of peacemaker. Mentioning Xi Jinping’s proposal indicates China’s sense of responsibility for the peaceful resolution of this issue. It also creates an image of China as a constructive participant, ready to offer solutions, which can enhance its prestige in the international arena.

Wang Yi emphasizes a balanced approach to resolving the crisis, which can serve both as a strategy to improve China’s image as a neutral mediator and as an attempt to avoid criticism for its own interests in this conflict. The lessons learned from the protracted conflict and the assertion of the need for mutual security underscore a scenario where all states must find compromises, which is also aimed at reducing tensions between various diplomatic players.

China is actively positioning itself as a peacemaker and a constructive participant in resolving the crisis in Ukraine. Wang Yi’s approach is based on the principles of dialogue and compromise, which can help strengthen China’s diplomatic position in global politics. China’s position on reflecting mutual security demonstrates a strategic approach to international relations based on respect and equality, which can influence future diplomatic initiatives. All this demonstrates China’s intention to take the initiative in the peace process and promote the idea of joint security as a fundamental concept for stabilization not only on the Eurasian continent but also on a global scale.

 

• Competition Between China and the US in Science and Technology

 

At the same time, he lists China’s numerous successes in science and technology, from early nuclear developments to modern projects such as the DeepSeek program. This demonstrates China’s стремление for innovative leadership. He acknowledges the existence of external pressure and blockades aimed at containing China’s technological achievements. However, he asserts that such obstacles only stimulate further innovation. He speaks out against the use of scientific knowledge for division and isolation, emphasizing that science and technology should benefit all humanity.

Wang Yi mentions the Global Initiative on Artificial Intelligence Governance and the AI Capacity Building Action Plan initiated by China, demonstrating the country’s commitment to international cooperation and the dissemination of the benefits of science and technology. His speech conveys three main aspects related to China’s scientific and technological competitiveness:

1. China is proud of its scientific achievements and considers them the result of years of effort and overcoming difficulties. Successes in areas such as space and information technology are an important component of national identity and competitiveness.

2. He emphasizes that external controls and sanctions have not been able to hinder China’s scientific progress. Instead, they have become a stimulus for further development and self-reliance.

3. Despite competitive tensions with the United States, China offers global initiatives aimed at sharing scientific achievements and enhancing the technological potential of developing countries. This underscores China’s стремление for leadership in scientific progress, as well as its interest in shaping a global order based on cooperation and knowledge sharing.

All this demonstrates China’s confidence in its innovative capabilities and its commitment to open and mutually beneficial international cooperation. Scientific knowledge and technologies should serve the interests of all humanity, not become instruments of control and domination. In this context, China positions itself as a leader ready to share its achievements and promote the development of other countries, which differs significantly from the traditional perception of competition in the field of high technology.

 

• The Specifics of China’s Interaction with the Trump Administration

 

Wang Yi emphasizes the importance of mutual respect, calling it a basic norm in bilateral relations. This underscores China’s position that constructive interaction is possible only with honesty and respect from both sides. Criticism of «duplicitous actions» speaks to the importance of consistency in actions and promises. This indicates that China will not accept attempts to establish good relations while simultaneously applying pressure.

Wang Yi defends China’s position on combating fentanyl, pointing to active measures to prevent drug trafficking. He emphasizes that the solution to this problem must come from America itself, implying that the responsibility lies with all parties involved.

The questions posed by Wang Yi underscore his position that the measures taken have not yielded the expected results for the United States. The parties should analyze their actions and their consequences. He emphasizes China’s readiness for cooperation based on three principles: mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, and mutually beneficial cooperation. This creates an image of China as a country willing to cooperate for mutual benefit if the US also takes steps forward.

Wang Yi calls on the US to take an objective view of China’s development and actively engage. This emphasizes the need for dialogue and joint problem-solving, which may reflect China’s desire to minimize confrontation. China shows an active stance, striving for constructive dialogue and cooperation with the Trump administration, emphasizing the important principles of mutual respect.

By reinforcing his position through criticism of US policies and the end of the trade war, he challenges the need for both sides to rethink their strategies. China is ready to work on surrounding relations, taking into account the needs of both sides, demonstrating its desire to ensure stability and sustainable development within the international community. This approach may lead to a more balanced future relationship between China and the US if both sides set common goals for cooperation.

 

• China in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

 

Wang Yi highlights the significant expansion of the SCO from six members to 26 countries, making it the largest regional organization by territory and population. This growth is attributed to adherence to the «Shanghai Spirit», which includes mutual trust, consultation, and equality. He announces the SCO summit in Tianjin in the autumn of this year, where leaders will discuss achievements and future plans, and develop a consensus for further cooperation. As the current chair, China plans to hold more than 100 events in the fields of politics, security, economics, and cultural ties, aimed at strengthening and promoting the development of the SCO.

Wang Yi’s speech reveals the strategic importance of the SCO for China and its efforts to strengthen regional ties. He emphasizes the unique principles of the SCO, such as mutual trust and equality, which distinguish it from other international organizations. This underscores China’s desire to create a new model of cooperation, different from traditional Western models.

Furthermore, he emphasizes China’s leading role in the SCO, holding large-scale events and convening the summit, demonstrating its стремление for active participation and leadership in the region. Holding the summit in China aims to develop a common understanding and action plan, contributing to the strengthening of the organization's cohesion and its influence in the international arena.

The SCO covers vast territories and populations, making it an important platform for discussing and resolving regional issues such as security, economics, and culture. The organization holds great significance as a platform for regional cooperation and demonstrates Beijing’s intention to strengthen its position in the region through active leadership and holding significant events. The organization is seen as an important component of China’s foreign policy, contributing to the formation of a multipolar world and alternative models of international cooperation.

 

• China’s Role in Protecting the International Order and the Authority of the UN

 

Wang Yi emphasizes the importance of maintaining the UN’s authority in the face of modern challenges such as unilateralism and power politics. He points to the need to support the UN’s central role in global governance. He emphasizes the need to recognize the equality of all countries, regardless of their size and power. This is linked to the idea of preventing a return to the «law of the jungle» in international relations.

Furthermore, he expresses concern that international affairs could be monopolized by a small group of countries and calls for greater attention to the voice of the Global South. He supports multilateralism as the foundation of international relations and emphasizes the importance of adhering to international law, especially in the context of combating double standards and the selective application of laws.

Wang Yi asserts that China is a supporter and builder of the post-war international order. He emphasizes China’s responsibility as a permanent member of the UN Security Council and its willingness to defend the UN’s central role. He also mentions the recent high-level meeting in the UN Security Council on the practice of multilateralism and the reform of global governance, which China chaired. This event marked the beginning of the UN’s 80th-anniversary celebrations and received widespread support.

Wang Yi’s speech demonstrates China’s стремление to take a leading position in global governance and the protection of the international order. He criticizes power politics and unilateral actions that threaten stability and the rule of law. This points to a difference in the approaches of China and some Western countries. He repeatedly emphasizes the need to ensure equal rights and opportunities for all countries, especially those that have traditionally had less influence in the international arena. He advocates for strengthening multilateral institutions, such as the UN, and condemns any attempts to weaken their authority, reflecting China’s commitment to the principles of international cooperation.

China’s increasing role in international institutions, such as the UN Security Council, shows its willingness to assume responsibility for maintaining international order.

Wang Yi’s speech contains elements of ideological conflict, where China advocates for a just and equitable international order, in contrast to models that assume the dominance of individual countries or groups. It shows that China aims to play a decisive role in preserving and strengthening the international order based on the principles of equality, justice, and multilateralism. He calls for the protection of the UN’s authority and international law, as well as for more active participation of the Global South in global governance.

 

• China’s Role in Peace and Stability in the Middle East

 

Wang Yi states that changing the status of Gaza by force will lead to new chaos, not peace. He supports the initiative of Egypt and other Arab countries to restore peace in Gaza. He emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and lasting ceasefire, increased humanitarian aid, and respect for the principle of self-determination for the Palestinian people.

Recalling that the Palestinian issue is key to stability in the Middle East, he calls on the international community to focus on the two-state solution and support an independent State of Palestine.

Wang Yi calls on all parties in the Middle East to support the Palestinian state, and Palestinian factions to follow the Beijing Declaration to achieve unity. While affirming that China is a strategic partner of the Middle Eastern countries and a sincere friend of the Arab peoples, he promises to support the countries of the region in independently determining their future and finding development paths.

Wang Yi’s speech demonstrates China’s clear position on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its desire to play a constructive role in resolving the crisis in the Middle East. He openly criticizes plans involving the forcible change of Gaza's status, emphasizing that such actions will exacerbate the conflict rather than bring peace. He calls for international consultation and support for Palestinian efforts to achieve independence and stability, reflecting China’s стремление for a multilateral approach to conflict resolution.

He emphasizes the importance of giving Palestinians the opportunity to control their own destiny, consistent with China’s general position on sovereignty and self-determination. He points to the importance of cooperation between different factions and countries in the region to achieve lasting peace, emphasizing China’s desire for active participation in peace processes.

Wang Yi offers concrete steps, such as a ceasefire and increased humanitarian aid, demonstrating a pragmatic understanding of current problems and possible solutions. This shows that China takes a principled stance on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, based on the principles of justice, sovereignty, and self-determination. China strives to play an active role in maintaining peace and stability in the Middle East by cooperating with regional players and supporting international consensus.

 

• China-Africa Cooperation and Support for Africa’s Development

 

Wang Yi emphasizes the historical ties and strategic partnership between China and Africa, highlighting that China-Africa relations have reached their highest level in history. He lists China’s plans to implement ten partnership actions with Africa, including supporting industrialization, agricultural modernization, expanding trade preferences, and developing digital, green, and AI industries. He mentions that in recent years, China has created millions of jobs in Africa and participated in the construction of thousands of kilometers of roads and railways, clearly demonstrating the positive impact of China-Africa cooperation. He expresses support for South Africa in its role as chair of the G20 and stresses the importance of increasing Africa's representation and voice in international affairs.

This demonstrates China’s desire to deepen cooperation with Africa and support its development. Wang Yi highlights the long history of friendly relations between China and African countries, which lays the foundation for continued and expanded cooperation. He gives concrete examples, such as infrastructure construction and job creation, showing that China-Africa cooperation brings real benefits to both sides. Furthermore, he describes China’s plans to support industrialization, digitalization, and green technologies in Africa, reflecting China’s стремление to help African countries achieve sustainable development.

Wang Yi emphasizes the importance of supporting Africa in enhancing its role in international organizations, which demonstrates China’s desire for a more equitable distribution of power on the world stage. His speech demonstrates China’s confident position in supporting Africa’s development and strengthening bilateral relations. China strives to be a reliable partner for Africa, offering concrete assistance and support in achieving modernization and sustainable development.

 

• UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 and China’s Position on the Taiwan Question

 

Wang Yi asserts that China’s sovereignty over Taiwan is confirmed historically and legally. He cites the Cairo and Potsdam Declarations, as well as UN General Assembly Resolution 2758, which affirmed Taiwan’s belonging to the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Furthermore, he emphasizes that Resolution 2758 definitively resolved the issue of China’s representation in the UN, precluding the possibility of «two Chinas» or «one China, one Taiwan». He criticizes calls for «Taiwan independence», labeling them interference in China’s internal affairs and a threat to stability in the Taiwan Strait.

The Minister declares that China’s complete reunification is an inevitable trend reflecting paramount national interests, and any attempts to obstruct it are doomed to fail. He demonstrates the PRC’s firm stance on the issue of sovereignty over Taiwan, citing international agreements and UN resolutions, and elaborating on the legal basis of China’s sovereignty over Taiwan.

The PRC, through its minister, insists on the importance of respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, including China, and calls the pursuit of «Taiwan independence» a violation of this principle. He calls on the international community to uphold the «One China» principle and oppose all forms of separatism.

The speech clearly outlines Beijing’s position on the Taiwan question, supported by historical and legal arguments. It also emphasizes that any attempts to separate Taiwan from China are considered unacceptable and threaten regional stability.

 

• Specifics of China’s Foreign Policy Towards Neighboring Countries

 

Wang Yi emphasizes that Asia, as a region, has achieved significant growth and stability, and this should be cherished. This statement reinforces China’s image as a vital player in maintaining peace and stability in its surrounding area. By pointing to the principles of friendship, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness, Wang Yi demonstrates that China views its relations with its neighbors as based on mutual respect. This underscores China’s strategic goal of creating a community with a shared future.

He criticizes the US «Indo-Pacific Strategy», asserting that it only creates conflicts rather than solving existing problems. This accentuates the PRC’s position that US attempts to intervene in the situation lead to destructive consequences for the region.

The call for open regionalism and action based on mutual respect and cooperation demonstrates China’s initiative to strengthen economic and political ties with its neighbors, which could reduce the possibility of confrontation. The PRC asserts itself as a defender of stability and cooperation in Asia, emphasizing the importance of peaceful coexistence. The principles put forward by Xi Jinping demonstrate China’s desire to pursue constructive relations with its neighbors.

The PRC persistently opposes external interference, particularly from the US, and emphasizes the importance of independently resolving regional conflicts. Beijing’s position creates a foundation for increasing its influence in the region, which could lead to deeper cooperation with neighboring countries based on the principles of mutual benefit. This illustrates China’s ambitious plan to strengthen ties with its neighbors, maintain regional stability, and counter the interference of external forces.

 

• China-EU Relations and Commercial Tensions

 

Wang Yi commemorates the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and the EU, emphasizing mutual respect, mutual benefit, and multilateralism as the foundations of cooperation. He cites data on the significant increase in trade and investment volume between China and the EU, as well as successful projects such as the China-Europe Railway Express. He underscores that healthy and stable relations between China and the EU hold great strategic importance and exert global influence.

He mentions the telephone conversation between President Xi Jinping and European Council President António Costa, during which the importance of strategic communication and mutual trust was noted. He expresses confidence in the ability of both sides to resolve existing commercial disputes through amicable consultations.

Wang Yi’s speech demonstrates China’s desire to maintain and strengthen its partnership with the European Union, despite existing commercial disagreements. He emphasizes the long period of successful relations, underscoring the resilience and importance of cooperation between China and the EU.

At the same time, he highlights the existing economic success and mutual benefits of cooperation, creating a basis for continuing and expanding relations. Furthermore, he proposes resolving commercial disputes through dialogue and consultations, reflecting a commitment to peaceful and constructive dispute resolution.

Wang Yi expresses optimism about the next 50 years of cooperation, emphasizing the potential and wisdom of both sides to jointly address emerging challenges. His speech demonstrates a balanced approach to relations with the European Union, combining an acknowledgment of existing commercial tensions with confidence in the ability of both sides to overcome difficulties and strengthen cooperation.

 

• China’s Global Perception and Public Diplomacy

 

Wang Yi notes that people in Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America have a positive perception of China, attributed to the sincere and friendly relations between the peoples. He emphasizes that increasing the frequency and depth of contact between the Chinese people and people from other countries contributes to a better understanding and a positive perception of China. He also observes that even in developed countries, attitudes towards China are improving as people begin to better understand a modern and open China. He asserts that direct communication and exchanges between people can break down stereotypes and biases, contributing to a more objective perception of China.

Wang Yi’s speech demonstrates the importance of public diplomacy and cultural exchange in shaping a positive perception of China globally. Key takeaways include: He highlights the importance of personal communication and interaction for dismantling prejudices and forming a realistic image of China. He simultaneously emphasizes that positive relationships between peoples serve as the foundation for official diplomatic ties.

Wang Yi notes the differences in the perception of China between developing and developed countries, stressing that changes in perception occur thanks to improved understanding and personal contacts. He expresses confidence that further development of intercultural ties and public diplomacy will contribute to an improved perception of China globally. The significance of public diplomacy and personal communication in shaping public opinion about China is paramount. He also draws attention to changes in the perception of China in different regions of the world, which underscores the importance of openness and honesty in international relations.

 

• The State of China-Japan Relations and Historical Context

 

Wang Yi notes that bilateral relations between China and Japan are improving thanks to the joint efforts and agreements of the leaders of both countries. He promises that China will address specific issues raised by the Japanese side in accordance with laws and regulations. At the same time, he emphasizes the importance of remembering historical events, such as World War II, and urges Japan to prevent the resurgence of militarism.

Wang Yi reiterates that the One China principle is the foundation of China-Japan relations and calls on Japan to cease supporting forces seeking «Taiwan independence». He points to the long history of peaceful relations between China and Japan and calls on Japan to view China as a reliable neighbor with good intentions.

The speech demonstrates China’s desire to strengthen and improve relations with Japan but also highlights the existence of certain problems and challenges. He notes the improving climate in relations between the two countries, which is the result of efforts by leaders and society. Wang Yi promises that China will take a responsible approach to resolving issues raised by the Japanese side, demonstrating a willingness to engage in constructive dialogue.

The Chinese Foreign Minister emphasizes the importance of learning from history and calls on Japan to avoid repeating past mistakes, highlighting the threat of a resurgence of militarism. Wang Yi clearly expresses disapproval of Japan’s support for forces seeking «Taiwan independence», a sensitive issue for China. He calls on Japan to perceive China as a peace-loving neighbor and to cooperate in a «spirit of goodwill».

Wang Yi’s speech demonstrates a combination of striving to improve bilateral relations while considering the historical context and current challenges. It emphasizes the importance of respectful dialogue and mutual understanding for building strong and stable relations between China and Japan.

 

• China and Latin American States

 

Wang Yi describes China’s cooperation with Latin America and the Caribbean as «South-South cooperation», emphasizing the absence of geopolitical calculations. He accentuates the qualities of such relationships and positions China as a partner striving for mutual understanding and support, rather than manipulation. Mentioning the desire of Latin American peoples for independence from external influence and dissatisfaction with the Monroe Doctrine underscores China’s support for the region’s countries in charting their own development paths. This strengthens China’s image and position as a state that respects the sovereignty of its partners.

Wang Yi emphasizes popular support for cooperation, demonstrating that the values of Chinese policy resonate with the people of Latin America. This can also be seen as an attempt to solidify favorable sentiments and show that China respects the interests of other countries. In the context of perceived threats from the United States, Wang Yi stresses that China’s cooperation with Latin America will continue regardless of external pressure. This signals China’s intention to maintain and develop its relations with the region, despite attempts to eliminate or limit its influence.

China aims to strengthen cooperation with Latin America and the Caribbean, emphasizing mutual benefit and respect. Beijing’s position as a supporter of the independence of Latin American countries allows it to strengthen its presence in the region and diversify its own foreign economic relations.

The planned forum demonstrates China’s willingness to actively develop relations with Latin America, which could become an important element in countering pressure from the United States. This underscores the importance of multilateral efforts and continuous interaction between China and the region. China is ready to elevate the level of interaction and strengthen its economic ties with Latin America. Thus, this issue demonstrates Beijing's broader strategy of deepening its influence in Latin America through initiatives based on mutual understanding and support, which also serves as a response to geopolitical pressure from Washington.

 

• Promoting China’s Modernization, Economic, and Social Development

 

Wang Yi emphasizes that the Chinese economy achieved 5% growth despite current global economic difficulties and pressure from the United States. This underscores China’s confidence in its economic model and its ability to overcome crises. The mention of «enormous domestic demand» and «robust industrial sectors» highlights China’s strategy of utilizing the domestic market as the primary driver of economic growth and points to China’s pursuit of greater self-sufficiency.

Wang Yi notes the significance of «institutional strength» and reforms, indicating that the Chinese economy does not rely solely on external conditions but on its internal reforms and initiatives. This can strengthen the confidence of investors and partners.

Wang Yi declares China’s intention to create a favorable external environment for its economic development. This includes implementing visa-free entry and expanding opportunities for international travel, which could strengthen economic ties and improve China’s image as an open nation. The emphasis on improving the business environment and shortening the negative list demonstrates Beijing’s desire to attract foreign investors and create more favorable conditions for businesses. This could be a crucial step in ensuring sustainable growth amid increasing global competition.

China demonstrates confidence in its economy, even in the face of external challenges, and emphasizes its ability to overcome crises. The focus on domestic demand and reforms underscores the importance of the Chinese development model and its commitment to innovation. Beijing’s diplomatic efforts aimed at creating favorable conditions for international cooperation demonstrate its intention to improve its position on the world stage.

Improving the business environment and openness to investment can significantly contribute to further economic development and attract international interest. Thus, this highlights China’s ambitious plan for economic development, in which both internal reforms and active engagement in international cooperation are crucial.

 

• China and ASEAN States in Southeast Asia

 

Wang Yi highlights the successes achieved in cooperation, such as the signing of documents with Indonesia and the start of a dialogue with Malaysia, noting that dialogue is key to resolving issues. However, the term «friction» between China and the Philippines serves as a significant factor creating challenges for consultations. He criticizes the actions of the Philippines, pointing to external influences that, in his opinion, shape their behavior. This statement illustrates the tension and the use of rhetoric aimed at discrediting China, indicating the complexity of interstate relations in the region. The optimal outcome is the need for trust and the establishment of clear rules to achieve sustainable peace. China’s promise to accelerate the consultation process underscores its willingness to continue cooperation despite the emerging friction. This demonstrates the dual nature of the relationship: the pursuit of progress through diplomatic measures in the presence of geopolitical challenges.

 

• China’s Preparations for the World Women’s Summit

 

Wang Yi emphasizes the progress of preparations for the Global Leaders Meeting on the Status of Women in 2025, which demonstrates China’s active participation in international affairs. He mentions the country’s achievements in gender equality over the past three decades and emphasizes state policies aimed at the comprehensive development of women. China also highlights its efforts at the international level, supporting UN projects and training female specialists in developing countries. This not only contributes to improving the status of women but also strengthens China’s reputation as a responsible global player. The key takeaway is the desire for further progress in gender equality and China’s genuine willingness to implement initiatives that reflect this priority, which will positively impact its image in global politics.

 

• Prospects for Strong Relations between China and India

 

Wang Yi highlights positive developments in relations between China and India, noting the importance of the strategic meeting between the leaders of the two countries. He emphasizes that China and India, as the largest neighbors and developing countries, should orient their relations towards a partnership based on mutual support and cooperation.

By declaring that both states have a common goal – development and revitalization – Wang Yi indicates the need to overcome disagreements and prevent border issues from influencing the overall development of bilateral relations. The emphasis on the need for cooperation within the Global South speaks to the desire of China and India to take leading positions in the world, counteracting the possibility of hegemony and power politics.

Also important is the point where Wang Yi states China’s readiness to work with India to strengthen bilateral relations based on historical experience. This suggests that both countries are ready for constructive dialogue and diplomatic solutions to emerging problems.

In conclusion, Wang Yi expresses optimism about the future of China-India relations, indicating the possibility of creating a strong partnership in the context of global changes.

 

• Protecting the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Chinese Citizens Abroad

 

Wang Yi highlights the active measures taken by China to protect its citizens abroad, starting with the successful evacuation of 10,000 people and the processing of a large number of consular inquiries. These actions demonstrate the commitment of the central party leadership to supporting Chinese citizens in difficult situations outside the country, which is essential for building public trust. In addition, he highlights transnational crimes such as online gambling and telecommunications fraud as pressing issues requiring attention and joint efforts. Mentioning the elimination of fraud «parks» in neighboring countries points to cooperation in combating crime, which can strengthen diplomatic ties.

Key areas of work to improve consular protection include creating an international cooperation platform, providing 24/7 hotline services, and improving risk notification mechanisms. These steps demonstrate China’s desire not only to ensure the safety of its citizens but also to develop international cooperation in this area. Wang Yi demonstrates the positive dynamics in the activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, emphasizing the importance of protecting the rights and interests of citizens abroad as a priority state task of the PRC.

 

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In conclusion, it's essential to recognize that China is a leading global power, and its foreign policy activities are increasingly important for global stability and economic development. The prospects for its future foreign policy activities can be assessed through several key areas:

1. Economic Cooperation: This remains at the heart of China’s foreign policy strategy. The Belt and Road Initiative, for example, not only creates new markets for Chinese goods but also strengthens China’s influence in Central and Southeast Asia, Africa, and Europe.

2. Diplomatic Activity: China seeks to strengthen its position in multilateral organizations, and Chinese diplomacy actively works to strengthen relations with developing countries, creating new alliances and expanding Beijing’s influence.

3. Technological Independence: The development of advanced and innovative technologies is also becoming a key area of foreign policy activity. China strives to develop its own technologies and reduce its dependence on Western developments. This could lead to new economic and political interactions at the global level.

Therefore, China’s foreign policy prospects will be determined by its desire to increase economic influence, strengthen military power, actively participate in international diplomacy, and develop technological independence and superiority. These factors will determine not only the country’s internal development but also its foreign policy position in the global system.

 

Oleksandr St. Lozovytkyi, Ph.D. in Political Science, Professor, European Association of Chinese Studies (Paris, France, EU)